Anal Fissure

What Is Anal Fissure?

An anal fissure is a small split or tear in the lining of the anal canal. Fissures may be caused by constipation, the passing of large, hard stools, or by prolonged diarrhea. Anal fissures may occur secondary to decreased blood flow or trauma to the area.

Anal fissures are also common in women after childbirth and persons having anal sex.

Symptoms

Anal fissures may cause painful bowel movements and bleeding. There may be blood on the outside of the stool or on the toilet tissue following a bowel movement.

Diagnosis and Treatment

To diagnose, your health care provider will perform a gentle inspection of the anus.

Home care treatments:

• A diet high in fiber
• Increased hydration
• Numbing cream, if pain interferes with normal bowel movement
• Warm sitz baths
• Stool softeners
  
  

Physician treatments may involve:

• Botox injections into muscle in the anus (anal sphincter)
• Different prescription topical medications
• Surgery if the fissure fails to heal 
  
  

To prevent fissures:

• Take a fiber supplement daily
• Keep the anal area dry
• Wipe with soft materials or a moistened cloth or cotton pad